Influences on Nursing Professional Practice

Effects on Nursing Professional Practice The Illness-Wellness Continuum, created during the 1970s, delineates that wellbeing is a powerful state; there are a few degrees of wellbeing. â€Å"Good health†, or High-Level Wellness, is accomplished through mindfulness, instruction and development, and is found on the privilege of the even Illness-Wellness Continuum graph. Signs, side effects, and inability, which are proof of compounding wellbeing (and in the long run Pre-Mature Death), are found on the left half of the Illness-Wellness Continuum representation as â€Å"Poor health†. In the focal point of the continuum is a â€Å"Neutral Point†, at which there is â€Å"no perceivable disease or wellness†. (Travis, 2004). Compatible with the Illness-Wellness Continuum, the Constitution of the World Health Organization characterized wellbeing as â€Å"a condition of complete physical, mental and social prosperity and not simply the nonappearance of ailment or infirmity†. (World Health Organization, 1946). It is fascinating to take note of that this definition has not been reexamined in over six decades. This definition portrays the coordination of physical, mental and social prosperity as wellbeing, and separates the condition of wellbeing from the absence of malady. Health can be considered as the mix of brain, body and soul. Ideal wellbeing permits us to accomplish our objectives and discover significance and reason in our lives. Health joins seven elements of prosperity into a quality method of living. In general, health is the capacity to make every moment count and to expand individual potential in an assortment of ways. Wellbeing includes consistently learning and making changes to improve your condition of health. At the point when we balance the physical, scholarly, passionate, social, word related, profound, and ecological parts of life, we accomplish genuine wellbeing. (Nordqvist, 2014). Harvard-prepared Andrew Weil, MD composed that people become acquainted with wellbeing when they are sick or have an ailment (page 41). (2004). Realize that the conventional valuations of wellbeing as great and alluring, and disease as awful, are not really obvious; â€Å"health is the extension of awareness that rises above the sickness health dichotomy†. (Koerner, 2011). â€Å"Health is completeness †completeness in its most significant sense, with nothing forgot about and everything in the perfect request to show the puzzle of equalization. A long way from being essentially the nonappearance of infection, wellbeing is a dynamic and agreeable harmony of the considerable number of components and powers making up and encompassing a human being.† (page 41) (Weil, 2004). Wellbeing, at that point, includes both health and sickness or potentially infection. Wellbeing and mending might be inspected in various manners, including through the models of the physical body an d the body-mind-soul. Models of Health and Healing Larry Dossey, MD brought up how the discernments and convictions about wellbeing and disease have changed after some time (Koerner, 2011). In Era I, which started during the 1860s, science was acclimatized into the act of western medication. Wellbeing and disease were considered with regards to the physical body; the awareness of people was an aftereffect of biochemical, basic, and physiological aspects of the cerebrum. Sickness was viewed as â€Å"physical in nature†; in this way, treatment must be physical in nature. Medical procedure and meds rewarded physical sickness. The term â€Å"physical† alludes to the body of an individual, instead of their psyche, and existed in an unmistakable structure which could be contacted or seen. It was sensible to reason that the physical body was a fundamental segment of each individual’s character. The cognizance, or psyche, of a patient was associated with the job of the cerebrum. During the 1950s, Era II emerged as specialists extended their contemplations of wellbeing and saw that musings, emotions, individual standards, perspectives and qualities sway physical wellbeing. Hypertension, myocardial areas of dead tissue, and ulcerations of the gastrointestinal framework were credited to passionate pressure. During this timespan, treatment modalities started to address the brain cognizance. (Dossey, n.d.). It has been said that numerous individuals despite everything hold this point of view. (Koener, ) In view of the quantum material science design, the current point of view, Era III, distinguishes the awareness which isn't constrained to a person’s body, yet is portrayed as â€Å"infinite, unfading, omnipresent†. (Riley, 2011). A nonlocal mind is one unbounded; therefore, an individual’s awareness can impact and be affected by others’ feelings, including adoration and empathy. This lattice of cognizance makes solidarity, or â€Å"oneness† among all people; we can impact each other through associations which can be made in the nursing calling by sustaining transpersonal exercises. Conversation. A critical differentiation is found by looking at the brain in the physical assemblage of Era I to the awareness of Era III. In the nineteenth century, the psyche was viewed as completely separate from the neurologic capacity of the cerebrum. In the cutting edge Era, the boundless brain has been extended to Body-Mind-Spirit and My Professional Presence Medical caretakers are people, much the same as their patients. To really accomplice seeing someone that advance completeness in patients (p. 18.) (Korner, 2011), medical caretakers must be â€Å"authentically present† (Falk-Rafael, 2005). Instead of concentrating on past or present occasions to clarify physical and passionate states, medical caretakers can help patients to â€Å"stay with their emotions and figure out how to observe†¦without response, depiction, or interpretation.† (p. 18) (Koerner, 2011). This nursing nearness makes the open door â€Å"for genuine change and growth.† (p. 18) (Koerner, 2011). Nursing scholar Jean Watson’s caritas enlighten that at its center, transpersonal perceives that the intensity of affection, confidence, empathy, mindful, network and expectation, cognizance and access to a more profound/higher vitality source, i.e., ones God, is as imperative to recuperating just like our customary treatment draws near, and is potentially much progressively ground-breaking in the long run† (Falk-Rafael citing Watson. See reference #30) http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.wgu.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/[emailprotected]vid=1hid=104 The structure of Caring Science â€Å"is grounded in the ethic of ‘Belonging’ to that which is more noteworthy than our ‘Being’; it goes past clinical science, recognizing the social, life power; they philosophical, unitary field measurements hidden all of humanity.† (Watson Browning, 2012). http://watsoncaringscience.org/about-us/caring-science-definitions-forms hypothesis/ My Professional Presence Influences My Professional Practice Fearlessness, comfort with vulnerability, respectability, positive thinking, energy for work, and compassion are 6 highlights of expert nursing nearness (Lachman, V, 2001). A nurse’s proficient nearness can encourage a â€Å"aura of capability and authority†. (Chater, 2011) Classic dull suits with white shirts, a clean haircut, quality shoes, and conventional gems venture an appearance of certainty and make a great initial introductions. Looking, grinning, undivided attention and open non-verbal communication can advance certainty from others. An expert nearness permits medical caretakers to separate themselves from different attendants. My insight, aptitudes and abilities†¦. My capacity to finish assignments and exhibit accountability†¦ Self-advancement through systems administration, chipping in, suitable web-based social networking can build my expert nearness. Advancing my own proficient nearness and demonstrating admiration to those with whom I come in contact can invigorate the calling of nursing. Crittenden, J. (2013). The watchful guide for official ladies. San Diego, CA: Whistling Rabbit Press. http://www.discreetguide.com/articles/your-own image and-expert nearness/ I most intently identify with the idea of the body-mind-soul corresponding to my expert nearness. Most ailment or sickness is showed in our physical bodies. The physical torment we feel is a side effect of something in our body requiring consideration. We need analytic examinations to recognize variations from the norm, and can Furthermore, in the event that we end up getting bacterial and viral sicknesses, it is useful to assess if there is bargain to the invulnerable framework, and address any inadequacies. The considerations and feelings of people impact wellbeing, as well. Nervousness, outrage and dissatisfaction can cause circulatory strain to raise, bringing about poor perfusion. The soul is â€Å"the power inside an individual that is accepted to give the body life, vitality and power† http://www.merriam-webster.com/word reference/soul Because of my Christian convictions, I consider each individual’s soul to be their association with holiness. On the off chance that somebody is encountering torment, I think it is significant to consider if there is neurotic malady (i.e., a wrecked bone or ailing organ) which would profit by clinical consideration through pharmaceuticals; some kind of non-intrusive treatment; or rest. It is advantageous to analyze Proficient nearness Expanded attention to my expert nearness as an attendant can assist me with bettering incorporate my experiences, objectives, and convictions as I serve in jobs of pioneer and devotee. I was eager to find out about Carla Woody’s five-phase transformational recollecting procedure of starting, partition, looking, commencement, and reemergence. (p. 208). (Koerner, 2011). There is an open door for me to rehearse care in my own life and expert life. I likewise will set aside the effort to learn and rehearse care. At more noteworthy recurrence over the previous year, I have ended up pondering the degree of â€Å"nursing burnout† that I feel. I turned 50 a year ago, and that achievement started m

Finder and Maker Reversed in The Moviegoer Essay -- Moviegoer Essays P

Discoverer and Maker Reversed in The Moviegoerâ â â â â â Walker Percy's epic The Moviegoer accounts seven days in the life of stockbroker Binx Bolling, and his inevitable marriage with his progression cousin Kate Cutrer. More than that, it draws Binx's curious way of thinking, and Kate's similarly unusual direction, and their inevitable transposition. Binx starts as an enjoyer of the real world, a searcher, or discoverer of alleviation from dreariness, and Kate as a wild searcher who turns into a producer of emergencies to calm her post-present day apathy. Be that as it may, before the finish of the novel, their starting positions are nearly turned around, jumbled together to frame an increasingly sound relationship. Both Binx and Kate are mindful characters in a universe of entertainers, the main ones to understand the inborn wrongness, the platitudes, no matter what. The very characters sound like famous actors' pen names: Bolling, Lyle Lovell, Walter Wade, with their sound similarity sound very much like Robert Redford, James Earl Jones, the too-paramount monikers of film stars. Auntie Emily's steward Mercer is stringing his way among servility and assumption (p. 17), presently one way then the other, with a noble appearance yet behind the mustache, his face... isn't at all given however is as glum as a Pullman porter's. (on the same page.) Even Mercer's overstated breathing while at the same time serving dishes (pp. 156-157) is the demonstration of a cliché worker made absurd. Binx's natural mother shows an affection painstakingly made preparations for the individual, the sincere, an affection purposely rendered trite. (p. 139) The radio program I Believe (p. 95) is an assortment of ancient sayings, and Binx's lovely shivering sensation in the crotch a short time later (p. 96) uncovers it as only good masturbation. Binx's Theosop... ...tion to detail is still there - For what reason is he so yellow? He has hepatitis. (p. 209) But Kate appears to be more beneficial, regardless of whether through treatment with Merle or relationship with Binx. Furthermore, her pointless act of emergency creation appears to be controlled - rather, Binx has become her chief, her cinematographer. The consideration with which they plot out her task - what trolley to ride, where to sit, where to wear her cape jasmine - resembles the nearby sythesis of a camera shot, all so that Binx, through his creative mind, can keep Kate 'in center's and rational. He is not, at this point the uninvolved spectator, yet the dynamic arranger; she not, at this point the wild emergency maker, however a devoted on-screen character searching for heading. Binx has proceeded onward to the genuine film darling's fantasy: he has become an executive. Works Cited Percy, Walker. The Moviegoer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1961.

Art Imitating Art

Art Imitating Art Happy Labor Day Weekend yall! Im up north in my ancestral woods of New Hampshire this weekend, but I wanted to take this brief moment of consciousness between an otherwise unbroken day of naps to share with you something truly serendipitous. Back in July, when I created the 2010 Blogger Application, I included as one of the optional essays the following prompt: You awake one morning to find the zombie apocalypse hath begun. You are in your house, the car is at the shop, and you dont have any firearms. What next? Prefrosh applicant Emad Taliep 14 used this prompt to share with us his great humor, vigilante vision, and sick drumming talent, as I excerpted on the entry announcing new bloggers: The smell of decomposing flesh abounded. The nation was cast in eternal darkness, allowing the dead to rise. The shrewd cretins had shut down roadways and laid waste to supermarkets. The end seemed nigh. And the gigantic flamethrower I ordered was stuck in Beijing. Ive gotta beat them somehow, I said, in an impromptu dramatic monologue. Waitbeat! Thats it! I called my friend David a man so metal, he frequently drew suspicion from airport security and told him to bring his guitar. My plan? To defeat the zombies with a logic bomb. Wed play death metal loud enough to wake the dead, yet heavy enough to cripple the living. I took a gamble by thinking death metal could be so intense, it could actually be lethal. But, in paranormal situations, risk-taking is essential. David plugged in his axe, amp, and mic, cranking up every dial. I put on my headphones, ready to unleash percussive chaos. As the zombies approached, David and I chugged out a window-shattering riff of sonorous death with a pounding rhythm. Our righteous metal threw the zombies into existential limbo, with the conflicting commands to die and reawaken putting their lives in flux. Finish them! I screamed. David growled into the microphone, rending the skies with his resonant voice. The Gods of Metal replied by raining down utter carnage. Lightning bolts fiercely incinerated the undead oppressors, leaving naught but scorch marks where they once stood. Thatll show my mom not to call my drumming a nuisance So why am I bringing this back up? Because my youngest brother who just yesterday began as a freshman in video game design at neighboring Northeastern University just sent me this Kotaku article: Kill Zombies With Your Rock Band Drums The wait to use your Rock Band or Guitar Hero drums against the undead is almost over. Here at Penny Arcade Expo, Vancouver-based developer Andrew Laing is debuting Drumskulls. Its like drumming, but its also like saving the world. Clearly, this means that either: a) Emad can tell the future b) Vancouver-based developer Andrew Laing can tell the future c) The idea of using death metal drums to destroy the undead is so strongly swimming in the zeitgeist that it would crystallize separately across continents at almost exactly the same time. I fear a) because I write his paycheck; I fear b) because who is this mystery man from the North; I fear and love c), because that is the kind of world I want to live in with its terrible beauty and associations. On that note, two last observations for the weekend: 1) Benefits of living in Boston moving Eric (thats the brother) in this past weekend, and my family stops by Qdoba right by his dorm (a poor shadow of Annas of course), and who should be signing stuff outside but Tara and Alcide from True Blood! I waited in line for maybe 30 minutes to get personalized autographs for my girlfriend, who loves the show (as do I) for its trashy, bloody, epically shameful nature. I endured crazy bald ladies screaming I drink human blood!! for this because I am that caring. She doesnt know yet, but thats ok she somehow spilled like a gallon of water on her iPod, Blackberry, and laptop yesterday, so shes Internetless and will be until after I give them to her. Hooray for expensive accidents moving her outside the stream of time! 2) Saw Machete on Friday night at midnight during The Tepid Thunderstorm Known As Hurricane Earl. Without question the high point of my life, and probably for all of human existence for that matter. Enjoy the long weekend! Reg day on Tuesday, classes begin Wednesday!

Painful Experiences of the Holocaust in the Novel, Night...

Night Essay Prompt: Analyze how Wiesels character changed throughout the novel, especially in regard to the Jewish religion and towards God as a result of his experiences during the Holocaust. How does Wiesel’s transformation reveal the author’s intended theme about the Holocaust? World War II is a very impactful point in history where the Holocaust is viewed as one of the worst acts of human genocide. Countless Jewish victims endured traumatizing amounts of suffering and pain that transformed their lives as these experiences deprived them of their humanity and trust in others. The novel ‘’Night’’ depicts the extraordinary and painful experiences that many Holocaust prisoners endured: portraying the traumatizing effects it had on the survivors. The novel is written by Eliezer’s perspective as a survivor whose faith in god, faith in humanity, and sense of justice in the world are affected by the impact of his experiences during the Holocaust. Elieze r lived in Sighet, a town in Hungarian Transylvania, growing up to study the Torah and the Kabala with the help of a friendly teacher named Moishe the Beadle. Eliezer receives lessons from Moishe the Beadle who instructs and teaches him about Jewish mysticism and about Jewish culture. Eliezer’s willingness and motivation to study his religion highlights his devotion and strong faith towards God in the beginning of the novel but later disintegrates as he experiences the process of selection and the Germans’ FinalShow MoreRelatedNight Trilogy By Elie Wiesel1075 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 2 Period 14 10 June 2015 Night Trilogy Criticism Elie Wiesel’s Night Trilogy is comprised of an autobiography about Wiesel’s experience during the Holocaust and the horrific struggle he faced while in concentration camps, and two other stories depicting the rise of Israel and an accident. The acclaimed Holocaust writer is most well-known for Night due to its effect across the globe. Dawn and Day are not autobiographies, yet they have lingering presences of Wiesel in the main characters and narratorsRead MoreNight: Heart-Wrenching and Traumatic Themes1189 Words   |  5 Pageslife for granted, while others suffer. The novel, Night, by Elie Wiesel, contains heart-wrenching as well as traumatic themes. The novel unfolds through the eyes of a Jewish boy named Eliezer, who incurs the true satanic nature of the Nazis. As the Nazis continue to commit inhumane acts of discrimination, three powerful themes arise: religion, night, and memory. As the novel begins to unfold, Anti-Semitism does as well. As Wiesel demonstrates in the novel, â€Å"Three days later, a new decree: Every JewRead MoreThe Death Of The Jews1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Jews was a massive loss, a tragic loss—until this day, it is. In the novel Night, Elie Wiesel, describes his experience as a Jewish prisoner in Auschwitz concentration camp, a heart breaking, as well as a tragic experience. In this response paper, readers will get the opportunity to learn about how the novel, Night, depicts the best image of war through Wiesel’s use of descriptive writing to describe his tragic experience, specifically how he lost faith in God while living at Auschwitz. Not toRead MoreNight : A Personal Account Of The Holocaust And The Brutal Reality Of Concentration Camps1353 Words   |  6 PagesSkipper Dr. Provost History 4336 6 October 2016 Night is a personal account of the Holocaust and the brutal reality of concentration camps in Poland. The short narrative is written by Elie Wiesel, an orthodox Jew, that was taken from his home in Sighet, a small town in Transylvania and forced to experience life within the walls of one of the deadliest concentration camps of the Holocaust. It was not until 1944 that Hungary, where Wiesel and his family resided, was affected by the catastropheRead MoreBook Review of Night and Dawn Essay2568 Words   |  11 PagesBook Review of Night and Dawn Never shall I forget that night, the first night in the camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those momentsRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Night `` By Elie Wiesel2205 Words   |  9 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Night†, by Elie Wiesel, the Holocaust survivor suggests that when humans are faced with protecting their own mortality, they abandon their morals and values. This can be seen in both the Jewish and German people. The German’s are inhumanely cruel to protect their own jobs and safely by obeying government commands. The Jewish captives lost their morals as they fight to survive the concentration camps. Elie Wiesel encountere d many obstacles that made many of his ideals changed drasticallyRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1455 Words   |  6 Pagesconsuming wars in history of worldwide conflicts. The novel, All Quiet On The Western Front, depicts the lives of soldiers in trench warfare who, even though may have escaped shells, welre ultimately destroyed by the war. Paul Baumer was only nineteen years old when the war broke out in Europe in 1914. He and three others became soldiers with great eagerness and enthusiasm, which the war gradually took away from them. In the beginning of the novel, Paul would often write poems and the only things thatRead MoreThe Book Night By Elie Wiesel4140 Words   |  17 Pagesatrocities of the Holocaust during World War II and Jay Gatsby in the novel The Great Gatsby for blinding himself from the ways of right and wrong to simply be able to make Daisy his after many years having passed), it is hard to find examples of good people in characters within books; much less actual human beings. And yet, there are still good people and virtuous characters in literature and film that give hope for there being a truly good person. In the autobiography Night by Elie Wiesel, the integrityRead MoreEvil a Learned Behavior6329 Words   |  26 Pagesguerilla wars in Vietnam and Cambodia and presently to the devastating confli cts in the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sudan. Evil is a learned behavior which is illustrated in dictators, school violence, and classical novels such as Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Night by Elie Wiesel. Humans are fundamentally good, and then are corrupted by their environment. Its because of evolutionary purposes. Every organism wants their species to continue (if they dont, they die off and arent here any

Bullying the Effects Essay - 1852 Words

The different types of bullying and the effects Introduction For my investigation I will be looking into bullying. Bullying is very common in today’s society. It can take place within schools, colleges, and even the workplace. People get bullied for various reasons. These can be because of their race, skin colour, clothing or even no reason at all. I want to look into this subject in more detail and see the facts and figures and also find out peoples opinions regarding this topic. Bullying is becoming more and more of an issue not just within schools but also amongst adults. I want to try and find out why people bully and if this is due to how they were brought up and where they live. People from rougher constituencies tend to†¦show more content†¦According to a news article victims sometimes think they are no good and that there is something wrong with them. Some even think it’s their own fault they are getting bullied. This is a true story about a girl called Sam taken from www.childline.org.uk Break time was the worst. This group of girls used to hang around by the seats under the trees. It was out of sight of the school windows and thats why they went there. At first, they were all right and I was new, so was grateful that they let me be part of their group. Then they wanted me to chip in and buy cigarettes. I said I didnt smoke and thats when it started. They got all the other girls in the class to stop talking to me. They just completely blanked me. Then she spoke to Childline after feeling very down about the whole situation. It was so good to talk to someone. I thought if I told anyone - teachers or parents - the bullies would just get back at me. Other people had made things worse for themselves when their parents had complained to the school. The counsellor helped me think through some really good stuff. She asked me about people at school I could talk to. I thought of one of the sixth-formers who was really nice to us when we started. I told her about it and said I didnt want a big fuss. The six former was really helpful. She talked to me about how I could explain to the other girls how they were making me feel. The sixth former gave me theShow MoreRelatedBullying And Its Effect On Bullying1225 Words   |  5 Pagessituation is too much time wasted while another child suffers at the hands of bullying. There is no way to put a complete stop to bullying. Even if people responded to the issue in an ideal way, which almost no one does, there is not a one-size-fits-all solution to the problem (Whitson). People too often refer to an understood goal to stop bullying. They use terms like prevention and the phrase, â€Å"bring an end to bullying.† A smile to a bullied student from the math teacher, contrary to apparent popularRead MoreBullying Effects900 Words   |  4 PagesCauses and Effects of Bullying Every year, approximately 7 percent of students report to being bullied (â€Å"Physical†). Most people know bullying is wrong, but it continues to play a dominating role in the lives of adolescents. Whether the bullying was done by spreading rumors, calling someone names or through the Internet, there are many different causes of bullying, why it occurs, and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. VictimsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying And Cyber Bullying1811 Words   |  8 PagesThe effects of bullying and cyber bullying in today’s society have grave consequences that can lead to the untimely deaths of many children throughout the nation. In the past there have been numerous incidents involving teenagers shooting up schools and most recently children taking their own lives because they were tortured, teased in school, and made fun of online in their very own homes. What is a bully and what can we d o to prevent our children from harming themselves and others because of theseRead MoreThe Effects of Bullying2233 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Bullying is defined as a repeated aggression in which one or more persons intend to harm or disturb another person physically, verbally or psychologically. It can take many forms such as physical aggression, verbal aggression or social isolation. Bullying is a significant social problem and has likely occurred throughout human history. Research has shown that bullying not only affects a child’s learning but it also has detrimental consequences on a child’s future development. Effects on victimsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Everyone s Bullying1220 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 2016 The Effects of Bullying on Everyone Bullying and in its many various ways effects everyone in a lot of ways. A lot of the people are being humiliated and hurt. Victims of bullying commit suicide because people that are being bullied think bullying will not stop. Bullying is a big problem in many countries, it is a problem that everyone can experience at anytime and anywhere. Bullying can be the number one problem everyone experiences in daily basis. Bullies think that bullying is fun. BulliesRead MoreCauses and Effects of Bullying1066 Words   |  4 PagesThe rapper Macklemore once said, â€Å"Bullying is a national epidemic.† Bullying has been an issue in the United States in the 1970’s and is still growing nationwide. Despite efforts to contain and eradicate bullying, bullies and bullying has not gone away and has been growing rather than declining. Bullying is a current issue that is controversial because there is little to no action against bullying, the damage done to the victims lead to horrible actions such as suicide, and although it is gainingRead MoreEssay on Effects of Bullying 1232 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is a terrible and dangerous activity that occurs in numerous places, such as schools, workplaces, and even homes. According to a study conducted in 2010, â€Å"about one in seven students in grades kindergarten through 12th grade is either a bully or has been a victim of bullying† (â€Å"Bullying Statistics†). Bullying can be performed by a student, co-worker, or even a parent. There are many classifications of bullying, each with their own causes, such as a lack of parental guidance, low self esteemRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Bullying1297 Words   |  6 Pages10/23/15 Causes and Effects of Bullying Bullying is a big issue that spreads through the world. It can happen to anyone of all ages, and in numerous ways. Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among people that involves a real or perceived power imbalance that either repeats or has the potential to repeat, overtime (Bullying Definition). There are so many factors that tie into bullying such as, why the bully is actually bullying, why the bully chose that victim, or even the effects that occur whileRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society1060 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is bullying? Google’s online dictionary defines bullying as using superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Many define bullying as physically, mentally, emotionally, and psychologically degrading another living being. Bullying has become a growing issue around the world. The act of bullying can begin with a small eye roll, but within a short period of time it can escalate to abuse. Bullying is an issue that cannot be takenRead MoreNegative Effects Of Bullying1232 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is a continuing problem that has affected individuals from their childhood and continuing well into adulthood. Consequences of bullying are vast in their potential to negatively impact the person s physical, emotional, and psychological state of well being. The poor management of stress brought by the onset of bullying affects social health both short term and long term foreshadowing numerous potential risk factors and actions. Prevalent issues in victims include higher chances of mental

Changing Hr Practices in Cable Co Free Essays

Changing HR practices in Cable Co Case study Table of Content 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Hr Practices in Cable Co or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 2. Problem diagnosis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 3. Data collection and analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 4. 1 Problem #1 – Human Resources planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 4. 2 Problem #2 – Performance Management System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 4. 3 Problem #3 – Recruitment and Selection processes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 4. Proposed Solution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5. 4 Human Resources planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 5. 5 Performance Appraisal System†¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 5. 6 Recruitment and Selection process†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 References List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Appendix 1 – The 4 stage Leadership Model Appendix 2 – Performance Appraisal form Appendix 3 – Giving Feedback Tool 1. Introduction This case study is based on CableCo which is a joint venture between an Australian corporation AuzCo, and two Chinese organizations Post Bureau and PTA. The purpose of this report is to help the company to diagnose the problem, after research of the company’s background inform ation, identify its causes and offer a solution. This new Australia and China joint venture is located in an Economics and Development Zone about 47 km from the downtown area of Tianjing, a well-developed industrial city in China. The main products of the joint venture are telecommunications and various other kinds of communication cables. The Company has 184 employees in total; most of them 60% (113) are employed in the Production Department, as it is the most important functional part of CableCo. The Company’s mission is expressed â€Å"to produce quality products, provide first-class service to customers and guarantee reliable delivery. The Company’s business strategy is to continuously develop new products, improve the quality of goods, reduce costs, and manage its human resources efficiently and strengthen management control. Implementation of the company’s strategy depended strongly on effective employee performance and management control (Zhu, Case Study A). The telecommunication sector in China where C ableCo operates has undergone rapid development. There has been a steady growth in the total number of phones in China. Because of this reason, the cable industry in China has attracted many domestic and international investors. As supply exceeds demand in this market segment, it is more difficult maintain key employees. The CableCo management team has realized that improvements in efficiency and effectiveness had to be achieved through better utilization of its human resources (Zhu, Case Study A). 2. Problem Diagnosis After the initial meeting with the client it is found that the company’s authenticity is rather low in regards to managing their human resources. Although Cable Co realizes that its employees are the most valuable asset they have, the company still has a lot defects and inefficient processes in the HR management area. The key problem that the company is concerned about is how to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the Human Resources management that is the most important area in a highly competitive market. Cable Co is in danger to lose their image as a good quality product manufacturer because of uncertain business development strategy and employee internal dissatisfaction within a growing competitive market. The Management consultant’s main objective would be to assist the company in changing its HR practices and processes in order to improve Cable Co’s Human Resources Management and to enable effective operation in the highly competitive market within a multicultural working environment. A Structured model (Issue tree) enables us to see Cable Co’s situation more clearly. Using this model it would also facilitate in recognizing main causes and find the best ways for possible solutions for company’s problems (Fombrun and Nevins, 2004). Inefficient Human Resources Management Problem #2 Defects in performance management system Job analysis/Performance appraisals Bonus system Problem #3 Recruitment Selection Candidate database Selection Methods Problem #1 Organization’s Structure HR Planning Short-term oriented HR planning To keep a stable workforce 3. Data collection and analysis In order to analyze the situation within Cable Co, data collection had been processed. There were two basic data collection approaches used – deductive and naturalistic. To gain a more detailed overview of the company’s situation the 4 stage leadership model is used. Structured interviews with each leadership team member were conducted. Also questionnaires based on employees’ current job satisfaction, understanding of job requirements and a rewards system were used in the data collection process. The work environment observations and interactions between managers, supervisors and employees along with the organization’s documents were an important information source during analyzing the situation in Cables Co. Based on previously constructed issue tree model, the main problem and its causes can be stated: 3. Problem #1 – Human Resources Planning * Organization’s Structure A lot of Chinese companies are operating under strict control of the government. There are unclear and different views between Chinese and Australian managers at Cable Co. Common ground rules and guidelines should be introduced. Currently some leading positions and responsibilies are overlapping or two positions are held by the same person. * Short-ter m oriented HR planning Both management parties (Chinese on one side, Australian on the other side) have different approaches to business development. To evaluate the demand for new employees the company uses its forecasted production needs, based on the market situation. Also data from AuzCo Australian are used as a standard to formulate the staffing needs in the production department. It seems that staffing needs analysis is more affected from how it is done in the West than in China, although it should be based more on China’s market situation. Obviously judgmental forecasting is used to forecast the company’s future employment needs this means that managers and other people within the company decide on staffing requirements. Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009) There is no research data of Cable Co’s target market in China, and this causes management uncertainty and different opinions where the company is going and in which direction they are supposed be heading? Without knowing the company’s goals, it is very difficult for the managers to agree on a common staffing strategy. * Unstable workforce High turno ver in locally recruited employees make it difficult to keep workforce stable which affects the effectiveness of the company which reflects badly on HR recruitment. Intensifying competition in employment market, gives a lot of opportunities for employees to seek employment elsewhere. This would have an impact on Cable Co’s productivity as production workers are one of the key employee groups in the company. 3. 2 Problem #2 – Performance Management System * Performance Appraisal system After conducting research interviews with production workers, it is understandable that the company’s performance management system had many defects that reduce its effectiveness. Effectiveness of the existing performance management system in Cable Co is very doubtful for the reason listed below: Key performance criteria for both managerial and non-managerial employees are the same. Appraisal performance results have been kept confidential from the evaluated employees. Evaluations made upon appraiser’s daily observations and individual judgments, make the current system very subjective and results do not have validity. The company currently doesn’t have job analysis for most of its positions, which makes it really hard to evaluate the employees’ performance or to explain what are the main responsibilities and tasks for a position. Bonus System Currently there is no bonus system in the company. The previous system was used more to avoid potential conflict between employees and lost its function as a motivational tool. The bonus system based on defected performance evaluation process fails and decreases employees satisfaction. Operating in such a highly competitive market, it is essential to have motivated employees, and tools that help to keep them engaged . 3. 3 Problem #3 – Recruitment Selection * Applicants database Because the company does not have a common computerized database for all applicants, the recruitment process for every new position is more costly and more time consuming. Previous unsuccessful candidates and interview records might be useful for the next recruitment project, but it is difficult to find this information without a database. * Candidate selection There are no common guidelines for the department managers to use when conducting the recruitment process, no selection criteria that would be based on and aligned with the company’s business strategy. 4. Proposed Solution To make changes in the organization’s structures, systems or processes managers should have support from people working within the organization otherwise it will be impossible (Fombrun and Nevins, 2004, p. 209). It is suggested that inefficient Human Resources Management system in the company can be improved by more effective HR planning, a reviewed performance management system and recruitment and selection processes. 4. 1 Solution #1 – Human Resources Planning 1. Organize meetings between Cable Co Board of directors, General Manager and Executive Manager. The objectives for this meeting should be: * To review company’s goals and business strategy; * To identify and review all Cable Co target market segments; * To organized repeated market research to evaluate domestic (China) market demand for their product; * Based on research, reformulate the company’s business development strategy; * Management team should always be present, especially if the company put such a great emphasis on management control in its business strategy and product quality. Formulate Human resources strategy aligned with business development goals that will enable to plan the company’s people resources more efficiently. A previously mentioned problem is that the company is unable to offer accommodation for its employees should be seriously reconsidered. * Review employment offer package – concentrating on accommodation facilities for employees other than those from the local area. * That way company’s candidate pool would be ext ended, that can increase the best applicant attraction and give the company a competitive advantage. Organize a team to conduct accommodation market research; * Revise the company’s opportunities to offer accommodation or a housing allowance for their employees. * This will expand the company’s candidate pool and stabilize the workforce and turnover. 4. 2. Solution #2 – Performance Appraisal System â€Å"Employee Performance Management is a process for establishing a shared workforce understanding about what is to be achieved at an organization level. It is about aligning the organizational objectives with the employees’ agreed measures, skills, competency requirements, development plans and the delivery of results. (http://www. peoplestreme. com/what-is-performance-management. shtml, 20/05/2012) It is essential to make sure employees know what the positions key requirements are for high performance are. It is hard to maintain or try to achieve any perfo rmance level if the employee is not aware what the key aspects they have been evaluated for are. It is recommended to revise key performance criteria for managerial and non managerial positions in the company. These key areas for both types of employees should be formulated in the positions job description. When conducting job analysis, human resources personnel should consider the company’s business strategy. In this case the company pursues cost leadership and differentiation strategies. This kind of business usually requires a workforce who are adaptable, efficiency oriented, trainable and willing to follow standardized procedures (Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009). Firstly, it is suggested to determine key performance criteria for managers and all other employees, and show those in their job description. Job analysis, which include important aspects of a job and characteristics a worker needs to do it well (Gully, M. Phillips M. 2009) should be conducted for each position in the company. Job descriptions should be received by each employee on the day they sign the employment contract with the company. That way the employee clearly understands the company’s requirements for high performance and key performance criteria for their positions. Secondly, a new performance apprai sal form should be developed (Appendix 1 – Performance Appraisal form), which allows matching the key performance criteria from the job description for different positions. An evaluation process should still be conducted from the top to the bottom, but it is important to have open communication and feedback on the results after employee evaluation. Employees won’t improve if managers or supervisors won’t give them honest and constructive feedback on their previous performance against the key criteria. As this is a new thing for supervisors and managers, it is recommended to set up guidelines on how to give constructive feedback about an employee’s performance (Appendix 2 – Giving feedback model). It is also advisable to process 360 degree feedback for company’s managers and supervisors. This would give managerial team a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses and an insight on how others perceive them. Also provide an opportunity to adjust behaviors and develop skills that will enable them to excel at their jobs (http://www. custominsight. com/360-degree-feedback/what-is-360-degree-feedback. asp, 12/05/2012). A bonus system should be developed for key areas of the company such as Marketing and also Production Departments. It is also recommended to create an incentive plan for all employees if the company has reached its goal at the end of the year (for example, specific amount of sales or profit). That way all employees would feel rewarded, because everyone has contributed to improve productivity, profitability and to keep the organizations’ competitive advantage. Employee performance appraisal form results should also be taken into consideration when building the bonus system. It should be based on sales results for the Marketing department and productivity and quality for the Production department employees. The company should consider a yearly bonus implementation for all employees if an annual target has been reached. A bonus system is a great motivational tool that means more motivated employees, better work engagement, improved productivity and product quality, which help the company to gain better profitability. 4. 3 Solution #3 – Recruitment and Selection process * Candidate Database It is recommended to invest in the company’s development by creating a computerized HRM system, which includes all previous applicants and records on current employees. Included information on TeleCo employees would be a great source for Cable Co further recruitment processes. In this HRM system the company could also create talent inventories – detailed records that summarize each employee’s skills, competencies, and qualifications (Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009, p. 126. ). This can be used as a very helpful tool in filling in future vacancies and also developing succession management in the company. * Recruitment and Selection If the company keeps involving line managers and supervisors in Human Resources processes, the selection and recruitment guidelines for management and supervisor’s team should be developed. It is important to have a formal instructions, and processes to follow when selecting, attracting, assessing and deploying employees (Gully, M. , Phillips M. 2009). Supervisors have to be competent to explain to the new employees what the key areas of the position are and what level of performance is expected from them. This information would be easily found in the job descriptions for each position, based on job analysis and performance appraisal reviews. These recommended changes will help Cable Co’s leadership team to improve the Human Resources management in the company and increase management control over organization’s processes. Reference List Gully. M, Phillips M. (2009). Strategic Staffing (2nd ed. ) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Fombrun. J, Nevids D. (2004). The Advice Business. Essential Tools and Models for Management Consulting, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Warner J. (2002) The Janus Performance Managament System: A Complete Performance Management Support Process for Individuals, Teams and the Entire Organization (Volume I), HRD Press Zhu J. C. Organizations Development and Change. Changing HR practices in China – Cable Co. Case Study A PeopleStream Pty. Ltd. Performance management. Retrieved from http://www. peoplestreme. com/what-is-performance-management. shtml Custom Insight. com. 360 Degree Solutions. Retrieved from http://www. custominsight. com/360-degree-feedback/what-is-360-degree-feedback. asp Business Balls, Performance Appraisal forms. Retrieved from http://www. businessballs. com/performanceappraisals. htm How to cite Changing Hr Practices in Cable Co, Essay examples

Vietnamese Nationalism free essay sample

Ho Chi Minh never intended to have a revolutionary war as his first solution to the increasing hardships against his fellow countrymen. Instead he asked the French peacefully for these freedoms. France’s colonial stubbornness refused to answer Minh’s wishes and as a result relations intensified to out of control and boiled over to say the least. After years of being put on the back burner by world powers who opposed colonialism, including the US, the Vietnamese nationalists fighting for self-determination turned towards revolution. The ignorance and underestimation shown towards the Vietnamese ultimately was the catalyst that spurred on the future wars against France and eventually the United States. In 1919, after the Entente powers, Russia, France and England, toppled the Central powers, Italy, Germany, and Austria, in the Great War. The Versailles Peace Conference was held in France, and at the conference President Wilson promoted anti-colonialism. Woodrow Wilson identified the US with the goal of self-determination for all nations, and during World War II President Franklin D. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnamese Nationalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Roosevelt was equally eloquent on the rights of the colonial people to their independence. These notions led nationalists around the world to believe that the US would be willing to aid revolutions for independence. Ho Chi Minh, known as Nguyen Ai Quoc during the time of the conference saw this as an opportunity to appeal to not just Wilson but to the other victorious sympathizers who promoted both freedom and justice. He humbly stated that although he respects the French, they have been wildly oppressive to the people native to French Indochina. He simply asked for basic rights such as political freedom, freedom of speech, education and assembly and Annamite representation in the French Parliament. Minh went on to close his claims by stating: â€Å"The Annamite people, in presenting these claims, count on the worldwide justice of all the Powers, and rely in particular on the goodwill of the noble French people who hold our destiny in their hands and who, as France is a republic, have taken us under their protection. In requesting the protection of the French people, the people of Annam, far from feeling humiliated, on the contrary consider themselves honored, because they know that the French people stand for liberty and justice and will never renounce their sublime ideal of universal brotherhood. Consequently, in giving heed to the voice of the oppressed, the French people will be doing their duty to France and to humanity. † America along with its allies understood Ho Chi Minh’s grievances, however their priority at the time was to help aid and rebuild the decimated lands and economies of Europe, including France. Since, the French lost their colony of Saint Domingue (current day Haiti) in 1804, no colony has ever been so profitable to France. If France was to be aided and rebuilt after World War I the last thing the country needed was to loose Indochina and all of its precious resources. This ignorance shown by the world powers was reiterated by Nguyen Thai Hoc in his letter to the French Chamber of Deputies. â€Å"Accommodation and compromise gave way to revolutionary nationalism in the 1920s as a result of Vietnamese anger over continued economic exploitation and political repression. † There was no doubt that the tensions within Vietnam were building and that options for compromise were quickly threatened. During the 1920s Ho Chi Minh was heavily involved with the French Socialist Party and was fascinated with the communist teachings of Vladimir Lenin of the newly formed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Minh believed in the general welfare of citizens and the equal distribution of land, wealth and power to working people. Although he tried on numerous occasions to peacefully avoid conflict he understood that a revolution was imminent. Although he was a communist, being a nationalist was his main priority above all other titles. In his 1960 book The Path That Led Me to Leninism, Minh states that, â€Å"If you do not condemn colonialism, if you do not side with the colonial people, what kind of revolution are you waging? People began to agree with his anti-colonial rhetoric and turned towards Minh’s political views. Over the next few decades, Ho Chi Minh gathered a communist following by many of the people in Vietnam. More and more Vietnamese began to side with his political and economic agendas. For too long the land lords and the aristocracy have dictated the way of life in French Indochina and Minh wanted to do away with the old system. It is important however to understand that not all Vietnamese nationalists sided with the communists. Tran Van Don a General of the French-sponsored army of Vietnam was an adamant nationalist but anti-communist. In his autobiography he articulated how the French demonized Vietnamese nationalists as communists. â€Å"Shortly after the First World War, the French came to see our political opposition to the colonial regime as a manifestation of communism. Some of our nationalist leaders, myself included, tried to work with the west towards Vietnamese independence†¦if we failed to agree with them we were either communists or neutralists, while to the other side, by cooperating, we became puppets. Although, there were differences between a nationalist and a communist the goal for both, for most part, were similar. Ho Chi Minh amassed a huge following of ideological communists, modern nationalists and Vietnamese patriots. All groups had different ways of achieving their goals but one constant between each group is that they desired an independent Vietnam. After World War II Viet Minh forces led by Ho Chi Minh marched into Hanoi and took control. On September 2, 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. He admired America and its very own struggle against colonialism. He also strongly agreed with both the United States Declaration of Independence and The Declaration of the French Revolution. In his speech to the Vietnamese people he quoted both documents and reaffirmed that â€Å"All the peoples on the earth are equal from birth, all the peoples have a right to live, to be happy and free. † Like the founding fathers of the US, he believed in these undeniable and unalienable truths. Even though Vietnam’s declaration was made, the French refused to let go of their colony resulting in warfare. In a letter to his one of his OSS liaison officers, Minh expressed his hopes for post-World War II American aid for his cause. â€Å"The war is finished. It is good for everybody. I feel only sorry that all our American friends have to leave us so soon. And their leaving this country means that relations between you and us will be more difficult. The war is won. But we small and subject countries have no share, or very small share, in the victory of freedom and democracy. Probably, if we want to get a sufficient share, we have still to fight. I believe that your sympathy and the sympathy of the great American people will always be with us. † Ho Chi Minh wrote approximately eight letters to President Harry S. Truman hoping to gain American support against the French however there was no response until 1948. The United States negated their policy promoting self-determination because they viewed Minh as more of a communist than an anti-colonial nationalist. The priority of the State Department was to commit itself economically to France and Europe in the aftermath of World War II. The United States needed to be strong in it’s Cold War standoff with the Soviet Union and helping a communist regime in Vietnam would contradict helping a democratic and capitalist France. With the United States no longer being a feasible option for Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh ultimately turned towards the Soviet Union and China for help. With the stage set, the Cold War eventually found the battlegrounds of Vietnam to play out on. From the 1940s to the 1960s America became increasingly involved in Indochinese affairs culminating into war in 1965. The ignorance shown toward Vietnamese self-determining demands led to the demise of French rule and the eventual American involvement through combat. Ho Chi Minh along with other Vietnamese nationalists attempted on numerous occasions to prevent conflict but in the end war was what had to decide the fate of Vietnam because of the stubbornness of French colonialism and the contradicting priorities of the United States of America. With the proper cooperation and understanding of Vietnamese wishes for freedom, the tragedy of warfare could have surely been avoided.

Religion Essays (151 words) - Value, Culture, Motivation

Values Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and dignity" are representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior. Example of Values Respect for others Tolerance of differences Equality Saying the truth Sharing with others Norm Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. Values have major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations. Some common business values are fairness, innovation and community involvement. Example of Norms Leaving a tip for the waiter Saying please and thank you Being polite Not talking with your mouth full When at someones home, ask permission, such as turning on the television or using the bathroom

Criminal Profiling of a Serial Killer essays

Criminal Profiling of a Serial Killer essays Sad and horrific events happen all over the world, all the time. Robberies, hate crimes, killings, and vandalism are to name a few. The truth is that people are murdered every day. This is a sad fact, but it is life. Friends kill friends, students kill students, even husbands kill wives. Serial killers and mass murderers are all throughout America, as well as other countries all over the world. Its hard to imagine any human being wanting to kill another person. There are many kinds of killers, and they fall into different groups by their criminal profiles. The criminal profile of a serial killer falls under many categories and has different characteristics than those of other murderers. First it is important to know some background information on the investigative technique more known as criminal profiling. It is hard to say whom exactly developed a criminal profile. It depends on what literature your information comes from. According to crimelibrary.com, psychologists and psychiatrists would often provide advice to police agencies as to the type of criminal they should seek for, as well as why the criminal intended to carry out the crime(Petherick). Origins of the FBI profiling unit can go back to two men who first began profiling, Howard Tetan and Pat Mullany(Petherick). Again, depending on the literature one reads, the development of the criminal profiling over the past several decades usually will be attributed to the Behavioral Sciences Unit at the FBI Academy(Petherick). Some common names of professional criminal profilers are John Douglas, Robert Ressler, and Roy Hazelwood. Criminal profiling methods are not all the same, it depends on the person ar ranging the profile as well as the crime. The FBIs method compares the behavior of the current offender with the offenders the profiler has done in the past(Petherick). When John Douglas first began to come up with his profiles, he already had a p...

XCOM WK3 CHECKPOINT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Ethical Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Ethical Energy - Essay Example The paper by analyzing the advantages and limitations of renewable energy sources in relation to the other energy sources will provide the Belinean government the best bid, which can be selected and which will be ethically apt. Any organization will mainly be judged by the success it achieves. Judged in the sense, the company will be appreciated, feted, discouraged, hated etc, etc†¦ by the success or the lack of success (failure), they get. In today’s world, the success of a company is mostly correlated with its achievement in the form high profits, maximum market share, etc. Even though this perspective is not at all wrong, the bone of contention is, how a company achieves those positive things. Whether, they achieve through ethical means or by the ways of fraud, illegality, etc? The primary focus of any organization is to give a clean management based on preset ethics. If the management and the employees of the company are ethically perfect, they will exhibit good discipline, hard work and thus high productivity. Companies that do not have proper†¦ ethics procedures risk severe damage to their reputation, criminal/legal action and regulatory penalties. The consequences could include loss of customers, reduced share price (Advice on management). This ethical concept applies to energy companies as well. Countries all over the world are facing energy shortages due to the raising demands brought on by the raising population, raising industrialization or raising commercialization. Because of these energy shortages, countries and various government organizations as well private organizations are exploring various options to tap and collect or produce energy. But the catch is, energy organizations while cornering on the energy options should need to focus more on the ethical aspects, giving equal or more importance than the economical aspects. This is a key aspect for energy companies because the various energy sources

Asian Currency Crisis Causes and Effects

Asian Currency Crisis Causes and Effects Introduction One of the key characteristics of money is stability, however a currency crisis is said to occur when the value of a countrys currency becomes unstable and changes rapidly thereby undermining its ability to effectively serve as a medium of exchange. The Asian currency crisis was a period of financial meltdown which began in July 1997 and gripped the major proportion of East Asia. It remains one of the most talked about region-wide crisis in the 1990s, the sharpest to hit the developing countries, which resulted in a massive downward spiral of Asian economies hitherto seen as miracle economies and prompted the largest financial bailouts in history.(Radelet and Sachs 1998) This paper will examine the origin of the crisis, its impact on the economies of the countries involved and the measures that have been adopted to avoid a recurrence of a similar crisis. ORIGIN OF THE CRISIS Upon mutual agreement, based on the plaza accord (1985) between the US, Germany and Japan, the US dollar was devalued by about 60% to the Yen in real terms in order to alleviate the increasing US current account deficit. Japanese firms facing export competitiveness due to the appreciation of the Yen began to move production to south East Asian countries whose currencies were pegged to the dollar. This provided an ideal location for the Japanese firms in terms of international price competiveness. This inflow of investment from Japan to the South East Asian countries accelerated a pattern that led to large inflow of capital from other Asian and foreign countries into the East Asian countries. The fixed exchange rate system gave the south East Asian economies strong exports, low import prices and expected financial stability. For years, East Asian Countries were held up as economic icons. Their typical blend of high savings and investment rates, autocratic political systems, export-oriented businesses, restricted domestic markets, government capital allocation, and controlled financial systems were hailed as the ideal recipe for strong economic growth of developing countries (Shapiro 1999). Asian economies like Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Thailand enjoyed overall average growth rates of 5.6 percent, 6.6 percent, 7 percent, 6.9 percent and 4.6 percent respectively for several decades. Indonesia and Malaysia too enjoyed good economic performance during most of the 1970s and 1980s. (Rao, 1998) However, these miracle economies were brought down in July 1997 when a brewing currency crisis started from Thailand. This seed of the Asian currency crisis of 1997 were actually sown during the previous decades when these countries were experiencing unprecedented economic growth. For long, exports had long been the engine of economic growth in these countries and as such many Asian states were regarded as Export Power Houses. The increased foreign capital inflow into these economies also propelled capital expenditure which led to an investment boom in commercial and residential properties, industrial assets and infrastructure. These capital expenditures were financed by heavy borrowings from banks which had excess liquidity but no strong regulatory frameworks. Thus, by the mid 1990s, South East Asia was experiencing an unprecedented investment boom, much of it financed with foreign investments and borrowings. The case was made worse as much of the foreign borrowings had been in US d ollars as opposed to local currencies. At the time, this had seemed like a smart move (i.e. regional local currencies were pegged to the dollar and interest rates on dollar borrowings were generally lower than rates on borrowings in domestic currency, and it made economic sense to borrow in dollars if the option was available); but, many of the investments made with these funds were on the basis of projections about future demand conditions that were unrealistic. Soon, there were indications of macroeconomic imbalances in the Thai economy; the real exchange rate had risen to an apparently unsustainable level and the current account was also in constant huge deficit. Rao (1998). Also, Asian Countries started to see their ballooned volume of investments during the 1990s declining significantly. Paul krugman (1999) stated the Asian countries attracted so much foreign capital that their economic growth was fuelled more by sheer volume of investment rather than by the productivity of those individual investments. Therefore the governments in the region could not maintain their dollar peg and their currencies started to depreciate against the dollar, this increased the size of the debt burden that needed to be serviced when measured in local currency. This started the debt boom. A final complicating factor was that by 1996, there became a slackening of export growth which was much noticeable in Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan, while in Thailand there became a decline in the dollar value of exports. This decline in export did not stop growing import and this disparity saw many south Asian countries shifting strongly into the red during the mid 1990s. By 1995, Indonesia was running a current account deficit that was equivalent to 3.5% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Malaysias was 5.9% and Thailands was 8.1%. With deficits like these starting to pile up, it was becoming increasingly difficult for the governments of these countries to maintain the peg of their currencies against the U.S dollar. Thus by 1997, the first obvious indication of the crisis started with the Thai economy. Thailand could no longer defend their currency and therefore floated the baht on the 2nd of July 1997. (Rao, 1998). Prompted by these developments in Thailand, investors saw basically the same issues facing Thailand surfacing in other neighbouring countries. As a result, investors panicked; their fears were not allayed especially because of lack of transparency regarding issues such as the extent of government and private debt, the health of the financial sectors and no trust in the government to take pre-emptive corrective actions. This led to massive capital flight. The withdrawal of foreign currency led to dramatic depreciation in exchange rate and higher interest rates. This led to an increase in the number of non-performing loans, causing an erosion of the market value capital of most of the countries. Thus, the scene was now set for a potential rapid economic breakdown. There is no consensus on the exact origin of the currency crisis in East Asia; while some schools of thought believe that the crisis was caused by the initial financial turmoil in some Asian countries, followed by regional contagion (Radelet and Sachs, 1998; Marshall, 1998; and Chang and Velasco, 1999), others believe it occurred as a result of policy and structural distortions (Corsetti, Pensetti and Roubini; 1998). However, most of the East Asian economies were interdependent, hence it was only logical that a crisis in one would have a domino-effect and inadvertently cause a crisis in other East Asian Economies that were linked to it. Warning Signals during the 24 Months prior to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, Months of Lead Time, and Performance Measures. Number of Warning Signals and Months of Lead Time (in parenthesis) Optimal threshold percentile Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippine Thailand Singapore Noise to signal ratio Conditional crisis probability (%) Share of crisis predicted (%) Overall Composite Index 88 7(11) 9(10) 13(13) 10(11) 10(10) 0(10) 0.137 77 83 Current Account 90 7(11) 11(16 13(13) 11(11) 16(16) 0(0) 0.136 77 83 Capital Account 90 1(23) 0(0) 2(3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.288 62 63 Financial Sector 90 0(0) 0(0) 2(3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.313 60 67 Real Sector 90 2(2) 9(14) 0(0) 2(10) 4(13) 0(0) 0.322 53 31 Global Economy 80 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.540 46 75 Fiscal Sector 87 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.540 46 46 Source: ERD Working Paper No.26 Using a Signalling approach based EWS model, it shows that persistent warning signals prior to the 1997 crisis was not just in a few but all of the five countries most affected by the crisis. The findings of this model supports the fact weaknesses in economic and financial fundamentals in these countries triggered the crisis. The Impact of the crisis on the Economics of the countries involved. As Thailand floated the baht on July 2 and allowed the currency to fall, wave after wave of speculation hit other Asian currencies, a de-facto devaluation of the Philippine Peso followed on July 11. Korean Won too lost. Malaysia let its currency, the ringgit float on July 14th 1997, as foreign exchange reserves had gone down to $ 28 billion. Singapore followed on July 17th and the Singapore dollar (S $) quickly dropped in value from $1 = S $ 1.495 prior to the devaluation to $1 = 2.68 a few days later. A month later on August 14, Indonesia floated the rupiah. This was the beginning of a precipitous decline in the value of the Indonesian currency as a fall was seen from $1 = 2,400 Rupiah in August 1997 to $1 = 10,000 Rupiah on January 6th, 1998, a loss of 75% (Rao, 1998). Source: DataStream The Chart (above) shows the monthly evolution of the currencies of the eight South-East Asian countries during the crisis from July 1997 to April 1998. The Five countries where the crisis where particularly serious (Figure 1A) saw more decline in their currencies than countries in Figure 1B even though all countries shown were affected.ÂÂ   The economy of Thailand where the crisis started from suffered a real sharp decline. Total export earnings declined and a trade deficit rose to $ 16 billion. With the deficit standing at over 8 percent of GDP and its financing largely coming from short term funds; the external debt of Thailand rose to $68.1 billion. The non-performing loans of banks and finance companies in Thailand were estimated to be around 12 percent of total loans in mid 1997. The Thailand economy was also plagued by a deteriorating external sector, a stock market decline (the stock market index fell from 1683 in 1993 to below 500 in1997) and most importantly dwindling forex reserves. A decline in investment saw the closure of investment houses which resulted in immediate unemployment rates of between 6 and 10 percent (Rao, 1998). The Indonesian economy also suffered a set-back which included growing current account deficits due to lack-luster export growth and mounting debt service. Loss of confidence in Indonesia led to a series of attacks on the currency. In the second half of 1997, the rupiah fell by 72 percent against the dollar which had an adverse effect on the Japanese, European and US banks that lent billions of dollars to Indonesian companies. According to Witcher (1998), the Indonesias financial system started to stagger under escalating bad loans. Indonesia sought help from the IMF, they agreed to provide them with loans estimated at $40billion and in return demanded that Indonesia keeps interest rates high and immediately close 16 banks. The news of bank closures led to panicked withdrawals by depositors and investors. As Stiglitz(1998) and Yellen(1998) discussed; due to limited information, investors were unable to distinguish which banks were healthy or not so they shied away from them all; this caused more havoc to the economy. The crisis quickly spread to the real sector. The real gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by 13% in 1998 and remained stagnant in 1999. Real output declined by approximately 14% in 1998. The Indonesian economy thus went into a recession with falling GDP in 1998. It also had a weak economy that was composed of falling domestic demand and company closures which meant rising poverty and unemployment. . Unemployment which was historically no more than 3 to 4 percent hit a 10 percent level in 1998 with around 8.7 million people jobless. The impact of the crisis on welfare and the economy as a whole was mostly reflected in the poverty rate which rose from 15% in 1997 to 33% in 1998. The contagion effect soon caught up with South Korea, a country whose economic performance was spectacular compared to other Asian countries. However, the won began to depreciate from late August 1997 and gathered momentum by October. From about 900 won to the dollar in early August, the exchange rate plummeted to about 1200 by the end of November. The ratio of debt reserves rose during 1992 1997 (Rao, 1998). In January 1997, Hanbo Steel collapsed under a $6 billion debt. This was the first Korean Chaebol to go bankrupt in 10 years (Chang,1998). In the wake of this, the Korean shares declined in value by 25.2% at the end of 1997. Balance in trade declined from a surplus of $7.6billion in 1987 to a deficit of $20.6billion in 1998. GDP per capita fell and Unemployment rate naturally rose to 5.9 percent in February 1998 and started to climb up from there (Rao, 1998). The Philippines Economy faced a significant currency crisis, the peso fell significantly from 26/US $ to even 55/US $. The GDP growth rate dropped from 5.1% in 1997 to -0.5% in 1998. GNP hovered at 0.1% in 1998 compared to 7.2% in 1996 and by the fourth quarter of 1998, growth of investments had declined to -23.9%. In Hong Kong, the economy saw the collapse of the Hong Kongs stock market (with a 40 percent loss in October). On October 27 1997, the market rout on Wall Street was preceded by a 5.8 percent plunge in the Hong Kong stock market which snowballed through the worlds developed and emerging stock markets. Most markets in the Asia-Pacific region tumbled in sympathy, with Australia down 3.4 percent and Tokyo down 1.9 percent. Below is a graph showing the evolution of the Asian stock markets during the financial crisis of 1997- 1998. Source: Morgan Stanley International Capital (MSCI). Figures 2A and 2B (above) show the monthly evolution of national stock price indices (expressed in US dollars) for these same eight countries and during the same period of time. The finding shows a consistent close relationship between exchange rate depreciations and stock returns during the crisis. (Bailey, Chan and Chung (2001).) Japan was also affected because its economy is prominent in the region. Asian countries usually run a trade deficit with Japan because the latters economy was more than twice the size of the rest of Asia together; about 40 percent of Japans export go to Asia. However, even with this, the Japanese was finally shaken as their yen fell to 147 when mass selling began; Also, with the collapse in the value of the Japanese stock market, the value of assets also plummeted, leaving the institutions with a diminished asset base and an increased portfolio of non-performing loans. The GDP real growth rate slowed dramatically in 1997, from 5% to 1.6% and even sank into recession in 1998. In a relatively short period of time, the crisis currency crisis shock was spread even beyond Asia. The USA market (the Dow Jones industrial) plunged 554 points or 7.2%. The New York Stock Exchange briefly suspended trading; this was accompanied by plunges of 15 percent in Brazil, 13.7 percent in Argentina and 13.3 percent in Mexico. Europe also had the impact of contagion effects, Markets like London fell 2.6 percent, while Germany, France and Italy all shed 2.8 percent. Smaller markets like Finland plunged 5.7 percent, while Spain skidded 4.1 percent. Russia became the major non-Asian victim of the financial contagion. By mid 1998, investors began to perceive systematic weaknesses of the Russian economy which was similar to Asia; therefore they began a steady withdrawal of their capital from the economy. By midsummer 1998, it became apparent that Russia was struggling to maintain an exchange of roughly 6 rubles to 1 dollar at the time. Their central bank reserves began to dwindle. Despite the loan package and the pro-market administration, the international investment community lost faith in Russia and rushed for the exits. On August 15th 1998, the rubble was allowed to float and the Russian stock market lost 25% of its value. The Measures that have since been adopted to avoid recurrence of a similar crisis. After the slow down of the Asian Currency Crisis of 1997, the regions former economic tigers had to mete out some conditions and policies towards a sustainable Asian economy that would be able to withstand any financial turmoil and consequently avoid the recurrence of a similar crisis. These regionss heavy weight also had to accept the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditions in order to stay afloat although the IMF had never dealt with a crisis of this magnitude and was met with stiff hostilities; the IMF prescribed tough conditions and measures that contributed immensely to considerable long term gains for the Asian Economics (Lakhan, 2007) One of these conditions were policies involving the Macro-economy. The tightening of monetary policy (at different stages in different countries) was necessary to stem exchange fluctuation, to prevent currency depreciation from leading into a spiral of inflation and into the eventual collapse of the exchange rate. Some countries like Thailand, South Korea, Philippines and Indonesia switched to improved credible policies that involved their exchange rate system. These countries adopted the inflation targeting policy which implied greater transparency and accountability instead of exchange rate as an anchor for monetary policy. Inflation targeting also allowed for the attainment of stable development of their economy through the establishment of credible and reputable central bank; as these central banks set inflation targets and implemented monetary policies committed to the achievement of targets. They also made monetary policy decisions based on overall judgement of the economy by k eeping constant watch not only on immediate price movements but also on trends of demand and supply factors in the domestic economy, exchange rate movements and overall movement of the international economy. The effects from this policy adopted inflation targeting contributed largely to stabilizing the monetary and economic environment after the currency crisis (Tomoko, 2002). A typical example could be seen in South Korea. After the Crisis, South Korea revised the Bank of Korea act to introduce inflation targeting in 1998. Since its introduction, South Koreas inflation targeting has played an appreciable role in stabilizing the countrys economy. In particular, the introduction of inflation targeting has secured the independence of the Bank of Korea in monetary policy and drastically enhanced the transparency of monetary policy. Affected countries of the crisis also embarked on their financial system stabilization to avoid any similar recurrence of the debilitating financial crisis. These measures ventured into the areas of liquidity support for troubled banks in question, deposit protection measures through a deposit insurance co-operation to prevent systemic risk arising from the spread of credit uneasiness, boosting capital base through capital injections from public funds and prompt disposal of non-performing loans by a third party organization (Resolution and Collection Company in the case of Japan and asset management companies (AMC) in the case of Asian countries). The four countries where the financial crisis was particularly serious (Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia) injected public funds into financial institutions often with government assistance. They also went into the act of promoting the consolidation of financial institutions by closing or suspending operations of banks with do ubtful chances of survival, temporarily nationalizing them or merging them. They established an asset management company to purchase non-performing loans Thai Asset Management Corporation (TAMC) in Thailand, Danaharta in Malaysia, Korea Asset Management Company (KAMCO) in South Korea, and Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) in Indonesia (Lindgren et al, 2000) Although the system of the companies or organizations varied from one country to another, they all similarly purchased non-performing loans at about market prices and disposed the assets selling by tender or by means of securitization. At present, they have disposed of about 50~70% of the assets. Thailand for example, had finance companies (non-banks) that had been suffering from business difficulties even before the currency crisis and the Thai government had been providing liquidity support to them. After the crisis, the government improved its classification standard for non-performing loans to conform to the international standard and strengthened write-off standards. It also nationalized commercial banks, injected capital and reorganized them. As a result, the number of commercial banks decreased. Thai commercial banks non-performing loan also later decreased dramatically due to agreements on debt restructuring as well as transfer of non-performing loans to the TAMC and write-of fs. As a result, the non-performing loan ratio dropped to 19.2% as of the end of March 2001 and capital adequacy ratio stood at 12.01% as of December 2000 (A ratio higher than the BIS standard) (Montes, 1998). Structural reforms were also adopted in the areas of banking supervision and regulation in order to forestall the kind of financial system instability caused by the crisis and to minimize the effect. These reforms were also necessary to address the weaknesses in the financial and corporate sector as these features had become impediments to growth such as monopolies, trade barriers and non transparent corporate practices. Based on this recognition, the IMF and the World Bank jointly began monitoring the international standardization and observance of standards to maintain the soundness of financial systems by introducing the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) in 1999. Under FSAP, the IMF and the World Bank assess the observance of banking supervision and regulations implemented by each countrys financial supervisory authorities, promote observance of international standards, and recommend the best practices. These acts which have been entrenched in continue to globalize the A sian economy (Lindgren et al, 2000). Rehabilitative measures were also extended to private corporations and financial institutions in the Asian countries as these institutions were also hit by the currency crisis largely because they had a superficial understanding of the need for exchange risk hedge, as their currencies were virtually pegged to the dollar. It was for this reason that the debt burdens caused by the mismatch of currencies increased during the crisis, bringing a serious impact on the economy as a whole. Thus after the currency crisis, there was a shift to a floating exchange rate system and this pushed private corporations into recognizing the importance of hedging against exchange risks. In South Korea, the government conducted a campaign appealing for the need for exchange risk hedges. Some other countries established a financial supervision system to check if foreign currency-denominated debts are hedged against exchange risks. Thanks to these policy efforts, the number of private corporations hedging against exchange risks increased drastically and the response capabilities of the economy as a whole to exchange fluctuations have been strengthened (Lindgren et al, 2000). A stronger and unified Regional Financial and Multilateral Co-operation in East Asia was also adopted and this has proven to be an effective buffering against the occurrence of future crisis Although regional financial cooperation in East Asia did exist even before the crisis, such as Executives Meeting of East-Asia Pacific Central Banks(EMEAP), a forum of central banks and monetary authorities in the East Asia and Pacific region established in 1991; the event of the Asian currency crisis proved more glaring that the countries in East Asia had a much more economic interdependency than was previously realized. This forced a fostering of a much stronger regional financial and multilateral cooperation. This co-operation in Asia was promoted in various forms, such as the New Miyazawa Initiative incorporating a comprehensive support measures, including a 30 billion dollar financial support scheme, announced in October 1998; the Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI), a swap arrangement mechanism to support those countries in potential danger of a currency crisis and the Asian Bond Market Initiative (ABMI) to avoid high dependence on the external financial market and use regional resources more efficiently (Naoyuki Yoshino et al, 2000) In addition to the development of a regional crisis-prevention mechanism, Asian countries started to co-operate especially in trade relations. This inadvertently resulted in a much more stable policy for exchange rates between the Asian currencies. With the increased unification that came as a result of the push for a stronger and unified regional financial and multilateral co-operation in East Asia, there became a rising sense of Asian identity culminating into the speculation of an introduction of a regional common currency in the future (Naoyuki Yoshino et al, 2000). The finance ministers of China, Japan, and Korea agreed at the ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers Meeting in 2006 to conduct joint research on monetary integration in East Asia. The motion put forward in 2006 helped to create grounds for the much talked about Chinas global strategy approach which started making head way in 2010. Now, China is beginning to emerge as the new and dominant world power, buttressing this, is the recent widespread awareness and circulation of the Chinese currency (renminbi). These co-operation measures adopted in Asia also extended as a forum for economic co-operation (such economic co-operation was seen to be displayed in the widely acceptance of the Chinese currency renminbi by the other Asian countries). This economic co-operation by these Asian countries arguably challenges the American hegemony. It also proves a strong force towards the elimination of any future financial crisis that might occur as the initiatives and discussions on intensifying monetary and fi nancial cooperation has reached a far end spectrum (Naoyuki Yoshino et al, 2000). From 1996 2000, there have been a resurgence of economic growth across the Asian region. Countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea and the Philippines have averaged almost 5%. CHARTS SHOWING THE EFFECT ON THE AFFECTED COUNTRIES AFTER THE MEASURES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED. From the chart above, it can been seen that after the rehabilitative measures were meted out, corporate balance sheets in Asia improved as debt-to-equity ratios have been reduced sharply and foreign currency borrowing is no longer a large component of the corporate sources of funding. From the chart above, it can be seen that low loan-to-deposit ratios together with little off-balance-sheet financing, have helped banks avoid liquidity and funding stress in the current credit turmoil. Thus, Banks are stronger with current account surpluses and large foreign reserves. Compared to United States and many European countries, Asian economies have relative modest property price appreciation (see Chart 5). Asian countries have taken measures to cool property markets in recent years whenever prices threatened to become a bubble. As a result, property price crashes in the wake of slowing economic growth and financial market turmoil have been less of a risk. Conclusion: Although, the Asian currency crisis was fuelled by sheer weak economic and financial fundamentals including macro- economic imbalances, which created a contagion effect for the other countries involved. However, with the measures now adopted, it is obvious that the Asian economies have now been strengthened and would continue on that path.

Coming Home Essay Essay

How does the poet bring out the theme of ‘passing of time’ in the poem ‘Coming Home’? The poem ‘Coming Home’ by Owen Sheers, explores the description of the poets visits to his family, and how the passage of time has changed some things and make some things feel odd. There are three main characters in this poem, namely the mother, father and the grandfather, as well as the narrator, who is the poet and reflecting on this visit of his. It is in the form of omnipresent narration, which gives it somewhat of a constant flow throughout each stanza. The reflection is done in a low tone, which makes the reader not focus at any particular part of the poem, while the vivid imagery and attention to detail captivates the readers mind throughout the poem. Passing of time is something that is evident in all of us, and appears to speed up when we are not with people close to us. The first stanza talks of the poets’ mother. A lot of time has passed since the poet last met his mother, and her hug is somewhat awkward since it is different from his memory of hugging her, probably when he was a teen or young adult. He calls the hug awkward, but only in the unfamiliar or odd sense of its meaning, rather than its negative meaning. The reader also gets the idea that the mother is taking the initiative to bridge the gap in their uneasy relationship. This is connected to the idea of passing of time, since it shows the awkwardness that is brought about by separation from one another over the time that has elapsed. The next scene is one where the mother is shown to be making something of dough. This involves a lot of physical process, and due to the fact that it is made of flour, this patting action also makes some of the flour go up and cover her face. This part of the poem shows the urge of the mother to try and cook something for her son, so as to continue some sort of tradition or some force of habit, despite her old age. This part also gives a great attention to detail, such as aptly describing the kind of motion involved in making whatever she is making, and also the point when the flour which covers her covers her and makes her face wrinkles disappear. The kinesthetics shown in this stanza (kneading, flipping, patting) also appeal to the auditory senses. The second stanza talks of the father working outside in a farm. The poet says that his father still goes outside, which tells us that it is a force of habit to keep doing what he wants to do.

Come on work

Literary Analysis and Composition Semester finals Agenda Complete part 1 of the finals in the quiz manager. Review answers for part 1 as a means to review for part 2. Review best practices for answering the part 2. Surprise Semester final, Part 1 There are 15 questions on this part of the test. I will give you 22 minutes to complete the test. Do your best but don't linger on a question long. If you don't know the answer take a guess and move on. Part 2 Question 1: Consider the events of Shakespearean Macbeth and the attest of the title character and his wife.Which character?Macbeth or Lady Macbeth?deserves more blame for their fall? Which character is more influenced by the other? Which character suffers more? Justify your responses with examples from the text. Write at lease five sentences. Step 1: Pick a character, Macbeth or Lady Macbeth. Step 2: Describe why the character you chose deserves more blame for their fall. Step 3: Describe how your character is more influenced by the o ther character. 2 Step 4: Describe why your character suffers more. Make sure to use examples for all of these.Question 2: Consider the conflict faced by the protagonist in one of the novels that you read this semester. In a response of no less than three paragraphs, explain this conflict, its development, and how the protagonist deals with it, as well as how the conflict is ultimately resolved. Include examples from least five sentences. Step 1: Pick a character from the novel you read. The text in your response where appropriate. Write at Step 2: Identify and explain your character's conflict and how that conflict develops.Step 3: Explain how your character deals with that conflict and how it is resolved in the end. Make sure to use examples. Surprise!! If you have a 90% or higher in the course you are exempt from the part 2 (if you are watching this recording you must take the part 1). If you have a 75 – 89% in the course you may choose one of the two part 2 questions and answer only that question. Next Week All finals are due by Thursday, May 22nd at midnight. No C but Ms. Bianca and I will hold one 2 hour tutor stay.

Essay on Zaha Hadid Making Utopia a Reality in Architecture

Utopia: n .an impractical idealistic scheme for social and political reform - The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition For over twenty years the Iraqi-born, English educated architect Zaha Hadid has symbolized the vanguard of contemporary architecture. She has pushed back the boundaries of built form to forge a highly individualist architectonic language that is at once thrillingly dynamic and intensely thoughtful, and as a result now has an enormous following of students, practitioners and builders. Most people recognize her hand through the striking drawings and paintings that represent her work, but the beauty of her illustrations tend to obscure the fact that she is an architect who builds, due to†¦show more content†¦In her designs she tries to break away from the vitruvian prepositions that govern the normal, conventional architecture that is being used today. Fortunately for her she has been able to showcase some of these ideas as can be seen in her first built project which is the Vitra Fire Station in Weil am Rhein, Germany. The project began as a commission to build a fire station in the northeast section of the vast Vitra furniture factory complex as well as design boundary walls, a bicycle shed and other small elements. In this relatively small structure she used unusual shapes and angles that architectural critics had admired in her conceptual work throughout the 1980s. Since the site already contained large-scale factory buildings, she decided to concentrate on the site as a zone within the industrial landscape so as to place the elements of the building in such a way that they would not get lost between the enormous factory sheds. As can be expected the inside of the building is as interesting as the exterior with multiple optical tricks being played on the viewer. The designs primary feature is a series of layered screening wall s, between which spaces are created according to the stations functions. Her interplay of angles and colors makes the interior as visually interesting as the exterior without making it look too busy. One of the most noticeable features of this building is how glimpses of the large red fire engines can be